Economic Analysis For Ngaramtoni Village

INTRODUCTION
This assignment work on community economic analysis for Kimnyak – ward, has its main objective of exploring or identifying potential business opportunities available in Kimnyak-ward. Other objectives of this assignment work is to enable the respective authorities of Kimnyak-ward, and the Kimnyak residents understand what is available in terms of economic assets, in their area, and how best they can exploit the assets or opportunities to improve their economic well being. The other significant objective of this work will be to provide the writer and the readers with the knowledge of how to undertake a community economic analysis. The work will cover the following core topics:-
ð The profile of Kimnyak-ward.
ð Methods and tools used to undertake the community economic analysis for Kimnyak-ward.
ð Justification of the methods and tools used to undertake Kimnyak-ward community economic analysis.
ð Identification of potential business opportunities for Kimnyak-ward.
ð Conclusion will be provided basing on lessons learn and my own opinions or views.

THE MEANING OF COMMUNITY ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
It is simply an examination of how a community functions economically. It is similar to how a business examines new products, new markets, or new ways to make or distribute existing products. The purpose of economic analysis is to assist a particular community to reveal its economic situation in terms of incomes, current investments or businesses and possible opportunities for future growth. It should be noted that; community economic analysis does not provide ready made solutions, to the community economic problems, rather it provides useful information for decision making and answer some of the questions a community needs to ask; when trying to take measures towards improving its economic status. The community economic analysis can also be viewed interns of how the community responds to two types of market forces i.e local and non local markets.

THE PROFILE OF KIMNYAK-WARD-COMMUNITY
Principally a ward is an administration area in the United Republic of Tanzania, formed by not less than five villages. Kimnyak-ward is a geographical area in the United Republic of Tanzania, in Enaboishu Division, Arusha District, Arusha Region.

The ward is made up five villages namely:-
Olevolos village
Kimnyak village
Ngaramtoni village
Olmuringaringa village and
Olmotonyi village.
The ward is located in the North East of Arusha region down the slopes of Mount Meru and is about 20km away from Arusha municipality. The ward has 23sQ kms, and a population of about 22,000 people basing on 2002 National census. According to the ward Executive Officer MR. MUYAI MEMIRIEKI KIVUYO, the current population is estimated to be about 25,000 people. He sited lack of family planning programs and immigrants from other wards as well as from other Regions of the United Republic of Tanzania as the reasons for rapid population growth in Kimnyak ward. The high influx of other tribes into Kimnyak-ward has been due to its favorable climate which favors agriculture and its proximity to both Arusha Municipality and Nairobi city.
The above two factors led to one of the Kimnyak ward village i.e Ngaramtoni village, which is located alongside the main road which links Arusha town and Nairobi city to become a commercial local township, attracting small and medium traders to settle and establish their businesses in Ngaramtoni township. Kimnyak ward experience two rainy seasons in a year. Short rains starts in October and ends in December. The long rains starts in February and ends up in May. The climate is largely influenced by the eco-system of Mount Meru which is as high as 14,000 fts above sea level. In this case the ward experiences adequate rainfall and the residents practice two periodic farming activities. The Waarusha tribe dominate about 80% of the Kimnyak ward population, the remaining 20% is constituted by other tribes who migrated from other wards and other Regions in the Republic of Tanzania.

KIMUNYAK WARD ADMINISTRATION STRUCTURE:

The Kimnyak ward is administered and governed under the laws and regulations provided by the government, through the Ministry of local government, under the Prime Minister’s office. In addition the ward has also by-laws, and regulations which are formulated and agreed upon by the committee members who comes from the respective villages, and normally they are village chairpersons, other members of the WDC are the ward extension workers, NGOs and CBOs representatives who resides and carrying out their operations in the ward. In the WDC meetings all matters regarding social, political as well as economic development for the ward are discussed and plans are set out for implementations.

THE KIMNYAK WARD ADMINISTRATION STRUCTURE

WARD COUNCILOR
WARD EXECUTIVE OFFICER
WARD EDUCATION
CO-ORDINATOR
WARD
COMMUNITY DEV. OFFICER
WARD HEALTH OFFICER
PRIMARY COURT
MAGISTRATE
OFFICER COMMANDING
POLICE STATION












The ward has functional committees, sector wise, which follow-up the ward development council resolution, and from time to time report back progress to the ward development committee for evaluation and scrutiny. The ward councilor is the chairman of all WDC meetings, and the ward executive officer is the secretary to the committee. The ward executive officer also undertake day to day matters in the ward, this includes observing law and order, making follow-up and monitoring of all the ward development programs both the ward councilor and the ward executive officer are directly answerable to the district development director, and all reports and programs being under taken in the ward, should be reported to the District Development Director.

METHODS AND TOOLS USED TO CARRY-OUT THE KIMNYAK-WARD COMMUNITY ECONOMIC ANALYSIS.
METHOD OR TECHNIQUE USED TO CARRY OUT ECONOMIC ANALYSIS;
In carrying out the Kimnyak ward community economic analysis, the most ideal technique which will provide the insight to the functioning of the Kimnyak ward community’s economic, and identifying potential businesses or investments opportunities to the Kimnyak ward will be the situational analysis technique The situational analysis is necessary before the Kimnyak ward community can embark in initiating effective strategies to bring about economic growth.

APPROACH USED

. The participatory approach has been chosen due to the fact that both qualitative and quantitative information’s needed are within the community and for the benefit of the community. It is important for the analyst to in corporate the insights that local citizens have about their community economic status. And for Kimnyak ward,community economimic analysis, the qualitative Research method is applied. “This methods is applied because it is based on reasons and argument.” Observation, description, interviews, personal study etc are put to a qualitative test through the description and interviews, experience, emotions and reactions of the subject matter (the problem) are recorded and conclusions are drawn on the basis of the data or information collected.

RESEARCH TOOLS APPLIED TO CARRY OUT PARTICIPATORY COMMUNITY ECONOMIC ANALYSIS FOR KIMNYAK-WARD
The tools / techniques applied in the collection of data during the p+articipatory community economic analysis for Kimnyak ward are:-
i. Focus group
ii. Interviewing
iii. Secondary data
iv. Transect walk
The above tools had been applied basing on the nature of the problem understudy as well as the diverse nature of grouping in the community.

FOCUS GROUP:
Is one of the qualitative method technique used in data collection. Its main purpose is to obtain in-depth information on concepts, perception and ideas of a group. It involves holding an in depth interviewing to a particular group and deals with subject assessment of attitudes, opinions and behavior of the problem in question this technique has been selected because is suitable for obtaining several perspectives about the semantic area understudy.

INTERVIEWING:
It is the direct technique of data collection used in social science research studies through this method; it is possible for a person to come in contact with others and get their views and ideas (social interaction). It has been used to carry out participatory community economic analysis for Kimnyak ward, because the problem commands comments from various groups in the community.

TRANSECT WALK:-
This is an exercise in which the outsiders (facilitators) together with insiders (community) make a general tour of the area understudy. It allows the team to reflect or study the current situation of different aspects in the community. Through dialogue they identify constraints and opportunities. Due to the fact that the concept understudy demands diverse and interrelated sect oral investigation, the transect walk technique in collection of the relevant data was chosen as a suitable tool.

SECONDARY DATA:-
This is an initiative where by the researcher seeks to explore past data or information’s through stored past records. These records are commonly obtained in formal offices e.g government officers and even private offices for example chamber of commerce, cooperatives societies officers, the subject matter understudy necessitated the use of secondary data as it would have been difficult to get some of the data for example population figures area size, by barking in doing the exercise practically.

ANALYSIS OF THE KIMNYAK-WARD COMMUNITY ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
As explained earlier in trying to provide the meaning of community economic analysis it is much related to analysis similar to that of households or business, and the main goal of every analysis is to give some insight to the functioning of a particular community economy. The insight will enable the community to develop appropriate strategies to bring about community economic change/growth. In undertaking the Kimnyak ward community economic analysis, the following research questions has been developed as guiding questions which will lead to the understanding of the Kimnyak ward current economic shape and status.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS USED FOR KIMNYAK COMMUNITY ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
Which are the main economic sectors in Kimnyak ward
which economic sectors contribute greatly in providing employment to the Kimnyak-community.
Which of the Kimnyak-community social groups contribute more in the economic development (youth, Women, Men).
What is the current employment level in the community.
How is the current employment level in the community is linked to outside markets.
where do outside customers comes from.
What are the potential retail and wholesale services in the community.
how effective has the Kimnyak community been in attracting and keeping retail and wholesale services.
How do culture of the Kimnyak-community influence the growth and economic pattern in the area.
Has politics played any role in shaping or determining the nature and levels of economic growth in the area.
How is the level of illiteracy in the Kimnyak-community and how it affect our influence the economic growth in the area.
What are the leading businesses in bringing in money to the Kimnyak-community.
Is the money retained and re-invested or spend to improve the lives of the Kimnyak-community.
Is there linkages in supporting the Kimnyak-ward community economy.
How is the status of transportation net-work.
What is the proximity of Kimnyak-community to sources of suppliers and services.
What is the market potential of Kimnyak supplies or raw materials and market to locally produced goods and services.
Is there business training programs for the business community.
What is the market potential of Kimnyak community (trade area) both in sourcing supplies or raw materials and market to locally produced goods and services.
Is there business training programs in Kimnyak-community.
Has the Kimnyak-community able to access to markets through information technology like internet; to be able to identify market potential in terms of goods and services as well as supplies sources.
Are financial services easily available in Kimnyak-community.
Are the existing businesses growing to meet the growing needs; in Kimnyak-community.
What is the size of informal businesses in Kimnyak-community .
Do the current economic environment of Kimnyak-community attracts potential business investors.

In undertaking community economic analysis for Kimnyak ward, a participatory approach has been applied which led to interviewing ordinary people, women and men, youth and elders civil groups like NGOs, CBOs, traditional leaders, religion leaders as well as local government leaders. Through the transect walk survey, varying range of business as well as other economic activities were identified.

FINDINGS OF COMMUNITY ECONOMIC ANALYSIS IN KIMNYAK-WARD:-
* 1.1 Main Economic sectors in Kimnyak-ward:-
Based on interviews and transect walk conducted to a cross-section of the population in Kimnyak ward, and a transect walk across the ward; the survey identified a varying range of businesses as well as different forms of economic activities.

Business identified are:-
Retail and whole sale shops, both sell consumables and convenient goods, carpentry Tailoring, garages, butchers, restaurants, stationeries, secretarial and printing services, hardware shops, pharmacy shops, transportation services i.e passenger buses (daladala) and lorries; there are also hand pulled / pushed trolleys and cuts as well as donkey or oxen pulled cuts.

Other forms of economic activities:-
The other forms of economic activities identified in Kimnyak-ward, through transect walk along the ward has been; subsistence farming, of which about 80% of the population are engaged in . The main crops identified has been maize, beans, bananas and vegetables (Horticulture) is now taking the lead due to growing market potential and good prices for vegetables like tomatoes, spinach, cabbages, carrots, egg plants, potatoes, green paper etc.
The transect walk also revealed that some people are engaged in keeping livestock, most cases, diary cows and few indigenous species of cows, goats and sheep. One can also spot indigenous species of chickens. Both livestock and chickens keeping are considered as supplementary economic activities and not main occupation. When some of the actors in both business and agricultural sectors are interviewed on performance and prospects of their businesses and agricultural practices, each category comes up with different views. The business category complains of frequent power cuts, as well ever increasing power prices, not with standing overnight price increases of goods and services for trading due to unstable national economic (inflation). The daladala owners and others who are in the transport business, highly complains of ever increasing fuel prices as well as maintenance cost of their vehicles. Coming out from exorbitant prices of imported spare parts.
For the agricultural category / sector, the analysis through focus groups, farmers, livestock keepers and horticulture growers, complains of high cost of agricultural inputs, and equipments. The horticulture growers, has shown greater concern on exorbitant imported pesticides, which are applied in the horticulture sector. Kimnyak-ward in the past 15 years ago was famous in the production of coffee, but farmers interviewed as to why they shifted to horticulture, said that coffee prices has dropped drastically due to unstable world coffee prices, which the government has no control; at the same time imported inputs and farming equipments are obtained at very high prices. Transect walk and focus group interviews further reveal that the Kimnyak-ward has no mining as well as industrial activities.

1.2 Economic sectors which contribute greatly in providing employment to the majority of kimnyak-ward community:-

The interviews carried out through focus groups and secondary data from the office of the Ward executive officer, has revealed that the agricultural sector provides about 75% of employment to the population of Kimnyak-ward. The remaining 23% of the population are employed in the business sector and 2% are said to be civil servants in the education sector, local government, as well as private sector.

1.3 Social group in Kimnyak-ward which contribute more in the economic development
(Youth, Women, Men)
The analysis is carried using focus group discussion and transect walk observation. The interviews done with one of the women group in the Area “Ngasakinoi Women Group” suggest that to a larger extend women are more engaged in economic activities largely in agriculture and chicken raising. The women group comment that the degree of women involvement in economic activities, mainly in agriculture, comparing women and men can be in the ratio of 2:1, though the ratio can be true but more scientific research is needed to substantiate. They also added that men are much more engaged in businesses and monthly or day pay employment.

1.4 Outside Markets which are linked to Kimnyak-ward:-
By interviewing a cross-section of Kimnyak-ward economic actors, farmers and business groups on markets which are outside their community, they mentioned outside markets to be Nairobi city Arusha town Namanga town, Dar-es-salaam city and Tanga city. They said that the above cities had been their potential markets for their farm produce eg. Maize, beans, vegetables, coffee, beef, chickens and livestock products (milk and hides).
Dar-es-salaam and Nairobi cities has been their most reliable markets for cereals and vegetables.

1.5 Current Employment levels in Kimnyak-ward:-
The interview carried with Mr. Muyai Memirieki the ward executive officer and Mrs Masoke the ward development officer, they said that informal employment is prevalent in Kimunyak ward compared to formal employment. They estimated that 95% of the population is employed in the informal sector like agriculture and micro-enterprises. The remaining 5% of the Kimnyak-ward population is employed as civil servants (Teachers health workers, Extension workers) and registered or lien censed businesses.

1.6 Area outside Kimnyak-ward where customers comes:-
Through interviews with some of the Kimnyak-ward residents as to where customers for their goods and services comes from; they said that the majority of customers comes from other wards, Mwandet ward, Ilkiding’a ward, Matepes ward and even from distance places like Arusha town, Namanga town, Nairobi city etc.

1.7 Potential Retail and Wholesale Services in Kimnyak-ward:-
When business groups are interviewed, on size of retail and wholesale services, they narrated that, a big part of their business lies in retail sales of consumables goods manufactured locally or imported; for example laundry soap and soap detergents, sugar, cooking oil, tooth paste, matches, stationeries, canned foods, cosmetics etc. Wholesale business is growing as well as retail due to small shops which operates in different corners in Kimnyak-ward and even in the neighboring wards.

1.8 Effectiveness of Kimnyak-ward community in attracting and keeping retail and wholesale services:-
Through transect walk and interviews; the spread of shops, restaurants, small garages, flour mills, saw mills and the introduction of new daladala passenger buses indicate that the Kimnyak community is trying hard to keep and attract retail and whole sale services.

1.9 Culture and tradition of the Kimnyak-ward community in relation to economic growth and pattern in the community:-
The analysis is undertaken through discussion with focus groups. Two tradition leaders were approached, Mr. Daniel Ole Meoyeki and Mr. Godson Osinga the discussion was centered in reviewing culture and tradition of the local people in Kimnyak-ward. The two leaders said that the Kimnyak people are Masaai by origin and most of their culture has Masaai origin. Their occupation were mainly livestock keeping with little farming activities. Maasai people has very strong cultural values. In recent years their culture and their way of living has been tremendously influenced by interaction with other tribes who come in the area for trading. This is evidenced by seeing some of the local people engaging in trade and farming and even life-style like dressing common meals housing etc. Basing on the above facts, change in culture led to economic growth and pattern.

1.10 Politics in Relation to the growth and shape of community economic in Kimnyak-
ward:-
By interviewing some business people in the area as well as the local government leaders (the ward executive officer), both admitted that, for the last 47 years the community of Kimnyak has experience peace and political stability; though in some instances there had been civil uprising brought by in adequate social services in particular inadequate water. The conflicts were peacefully mediated. The political stability and peace had contributed to the growth of community economic in the area.




1.11 The level of illiteracy in Kimnyak community in relation to economic growth in the community:-
Interview carried with the Kimnyak-ward executive officer and basing on secondary data in his office, he substantiated that illiteracy level in Kimnyak community stands at 25%. He said this has been achieved through the UPE program (Universal Primary Education) and the adult education programs, encouraged and facilitated by the government reduces illiteracy rate; played a big role in the economic growth in Kimnyak community.

1.12 Leading Businesses and services which brings money in Kimnyak community:-
The analysis has been pursued using different focus groups discussion. The groups conducted are shops owners daladala owners, sawmills owners, horticulture/vegetables growers and garage owners. They said that whole sale and retail businesses are the leading businesses in the area.
1.13 Money earned, retained and re-invested or spend to improve the lives of the Kimnyak
community:-
Analysis here is done through transect walk, combined with observation and focus group discussion. observation shows that businesses are expanding new and decent houses are being build together with improvement of basic social services like installation of electrical power and expansion of schools especially primary school. People interviewed admitted that earnings out of their economic activities goes back in expanding their businesses as well as improving their living standards.

1.14 Availability linkages in supporting Kimnyak community economy:-
Through focus group discussion with some of business people and farmers, they explained that varying economic activities in the community has created net working and linkages. Farmers has been able to sell the farm products to business people or traders locally and income earned is spend in buying farm inputs and other basic necessities. This net working improved the economy of the Kimnyak community.

1.15 The status of transportation net-work in Kimnyak community:-
The analysis has been undertaken through transect walk and focus group discussion. when talking with the ward executive officer, he admitted that Kimnyak-ward experience transportation problems, during long rain season, as most of the roads are eroded and turned into small gullies inhibiting smooth transportation. The transportation is much easier and smooth during the dry seasons. There is only one tarmac ked road which link the Kimunyak ward with Arusha town and Nairobi city. The road has been the back borne of the Kimunyak community economic growth.

1.16 Proximity of Kimunyak Community to sources of supplies and services:-
When a cross section of business groups are interviewed, they revealed that a greater part of their stock /inventory for trading including financial services, necessitate them to travel to Arusha town which is about 20 km, and for some supplies which are not obtainable in Arusha Town, they had to travel to Nairobi City which is about 120 km away from Kimunyak Community. Some traders comment that, they are to travel to Dar es salaam in case they are sure to get stock for trading which are not available in Arusha town or Nairobi. For financial services people interviewed said that, they are deemed to go to Arusha town for financial services like bank deposits, bank loans insurance services pension services etc.
They admitted that cost of sourcing their stock for trade could have been reduced if the sources of supplies and services are closer to the community. The reduction of costs will boost their profit margin.

1.17 Market Potential of Kimnyak – Community (trade Area) – Market for locally produced goods and services
A cross – section of people interviewed in Kimnyak community said that the market for their produce and other services is the neighboring communities and partly Arusha town and Nairobi city. Other goods and services are consumed locally.

1.18 Availability of Business training programs in Kimnyak – community:-
Through focus groups discussion, traders, women groups (SACCOS), the analysis about business training programs to the Kimunyak community shows that majority of Kimunyak communities had no formal business skills. The SACCOS and other business groups; has shown greater need for business skills, which will enable them to run their businesses and other economic activities more profitably.



1.19 Accessibility of Marketing Information through information technology like Internet:-
A Cross – section of Interviewed Kimunyak residents, said that they lack access to marketing information, due to absence of Internet services in the area and illiteracy in computer knowledge and information technology. Lack of marketing information hinder them from exploring new markets for their goods and services as well as new sources of supplies or stock for trade.

1.20 Availability of financial services in Kimunyak Community:-
Through focus group discussion and transect – walk, the analysis shows that, there are no financial services in Kimunyak community. Residents interviewed said that, for bank deposits, bank loans / credit, insurance services, pension services, etc they have to travel to Arusha town which is 20km away from the community to obtain financial services. They attributed that they face insecurity when they had to go and collect or deposit money in Arusha Town as in some instances they are ambushed by thieves, and lost their money and sometimes injured or killed.

1.21 Growth of Businesses in Relation to the growing needs/population of Kimunyak
community:-
Residents of Kimunyak community who were interviewed regarding whether growth of trade in their area match with their growing needs said that about 75% of their needs can be satisfied by the existing businesses. They cited other needs, like financial services, information technology services (internet), business education services, consultation services as among their growing needs which are not yet found in Kimunyak community. They attributed that the above missing services are vital in promoting their trade and other economic activities.

1.22 Availability of social services to meet the need of Kimnyak-community and facilitate economic growth:-
An official visit was made on 28/05/2008 to the office of Kimnyak – ward, and a discussion was carried with the ward executive officer regarding availability of social services in Kimnyak – community. The officer Mr. Muyai Memirieki said that, the following social services are found in Kimnyak ward:-

(a) Availability of clean and safe water covered by 50%

(b) Provision of Health services – he said that in Kimnyak ward there is one clinical officer, one Health officer, and one dispensary which is catering for the whole ward which has a population of 22000 people. For this matter in the area of public health services the situation is very bad, though the government insist for every village to have a dispensaries, but still much is yet to be done to increase health services in Kimnyak community.

(c) With regards to education, the ward has; five primary schools with 5200 pupils and one secondary school with 800 students. He noted that the ward has no vocational schools, though has one institute undertaking forestry trainings (Olmotonyi Forestry Training Institute) He said that there are long-term plans to improve the above public social services, through villagers efforts supplemented by the government.

1.23 The size of informal Businesses in Kimnyak ward compared to formal businesses in Kimnyak community:-
The analysis was carried using both transect walk as well as focus group interviewing; the transect walk shows that about 60% of all businesses in Kimunyak-community are Informal businesses or rather micro-businesses with capital less than Tshs. 500,000/= and run and owned by one person or sometimes owned by one proprietor and supported by less than 3 wage workers. The rest 40% run formal businesses, retail and whole safe shops, garages, saw-mills, flour mills, restaurants, pharmacy shops, private dispensaries, groceries etc. these formal businesses has licenses issued by the District trade office. The residents interviewed said that formal businesses are increasing but the informal business are much more increasing at a higher rate, they said this is attributed by the lack of formal employment.

1.24 Kimnyak –Community Economic environment in relation to attraction of potential business investors:-
The overall analysis reveal that Kimnyak community Economic environment has potential to attract potential investors, if specific areas like improvement of social services communication net-work and provision of Business and information technology training to the residents of Kimnyak ward, will be enhanced.

IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL BUSINESS / INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN KIMUNYAK – WARD COMMUNITY
Potential Business / Investment opportunities for Kimnyak-Ward community largely depends on the available untapped community assets as well as the community resilience of the Kimnyak ward residents.

Using the Kimnyak – ward profile and the economic analysis/investment opportunities are obvious for Kimnyak community:-
1. Eco-tourism and Tourism investments:-
The Kimnyak ward is beautifully located down the slopes of Mount. Meru, in the western side of the Mountain. Right at the foot of the Mountain, there are beautiful natural sceneries covered with natural vegetation and harbored by few wild animals like blue monkeys, black and white colubus monkeys, wild birds and butterflies. There are unique view points and picnic sites. The Kimnyak community can embark in eco-tourism business as the ward is very close and strategically located in the East-Africa tourist circuit. Apart from the Natural beauty in the area, the Kimnyak community has unique tradition as they are of Maasai origin and up to now they are still maintaining their culture. If this is combined with natural heritage in the area, eco-tourism and tourism will prosper in the area and improve the lively-hood of the Kimnyak residents.

2 Introduction of small scales Industries:-
The Kimnyak – community has a potential of introducing small-scale / value adding industries in the area. The area is one of the most fertile area in Arusha District, and experience two rainy seasons in a year this enabled the Kimnyak community to be in a position to produce a variety of vegetables for example; tomatoes, carrots, egg-plants, cornflower, onions, potatoes. Apart from the production of vegetables the area is also famous in the production of different species of bananas. If the produce can be graded well packed or canned, is more likely to attract and fetch high prices rather than selling raw. A good example is a banana wine factory (Banana Investment Ltd) which is operative in Arusha Town, producing banana wine using the locally available bananas grown in areas surrounding Arusha Town.

3 Establishment of New Businesses different from the existing one:-
Due to growing needs of the Kimnyak community; there is potential for establishment of new businesses for example computer and secretarial services, private health care services, education services (private schools) etc. Currently there are no such services in the area, but there is a very big growing demand and the residents now follow the services in Arusha Town.

4 Improving the Efficiency of Existing Business in the Area:-
The existing businesses are not effectively capturing both the local market and outside markets. The quality of goods and services in the area should be improved in order to attract more customers both locally and outside the area. For example the existing restaurants, groceries, bar shops are not in good state, they are poorly managed with minimum cleanness, and not providing intelligent customer care.

5 Building a modern Public open market in the area to allow informal businesses to run
smoothly and attract outside customers
Currently the Kimnyak-community has a very shabby market area where sellers of goods and services are scattered in the open and in different corners. Both the sellers and buyers experience very difficult moments especially in the rainy season and even in the dry season due blowing wind with dust and small tornados. The untidy state of the Kimnyak – community public open market do not attract or motivate potential buyers especially from outside the community.

6 Establishment of vocational training schools to enable the production of both skilled and
skilled workforce:--
Currently there is no single vocational training center in Kimnyak community, this leads to the majority of the Kimnyak residents about 98% to be grouped in the unskilled labor work-force. Because the majority of the residents are unskilled and necessitate them to be employed or engaged in informal economic activities which do not guarantee them neither adequate not steady incomes. The vocational training schools will produce skilled and semi-skilled work force capable of getting better and well paid jobs and steady incomes to the community.

7 Establishment of community or domestic savings through community savings and credit
co-operatives – for example SACCOS:-
There is a need to mobilize the Kimnyak residents, especially women, (women empowerment) to form saving and credit associations. Saving and credit associations can provide capital for micro – entrepreneurs with minimum interest rates when compared to other money lending institutions like PRIDE TZ, AKIBA BANK, CRDB, NMB, SEDA and many others, which currently extend loans to some of the residents in Kimnyak-ward, charging more than 25% interest, which proved to be a big burden to the borrowers and in most cases the borrowers ends-up failing to repay the loans leading them in loosing their personal assets. If the Kimnyak residents about 22,000 people are mobilized there is a big potential for the community to develop domestic savings which will help them to access capital with less interest rates and be able create new businesses and expand existing businesses.

8. Changing traditional livestock keeping from indigenous species to improved hybrid
species:-
The Kimnyak residents inherited local breeds livestock species, practiced by their ancestors nearly 100 years ago. Due to population growth, most of the Kimnyak land, about three quarters now serves as settlements and inhibit the old tradition of free-range livestock keeping. If this old practice is abandoned and the residents of Kimnyak adopt improved breeds for high productivity of milk and meat it will guarantee a better and steady income to the Kimnyak-residents.

9. Establishing poultry / chicken and piggery farming:-
The proximity of Kimnyak-ward to Arusha Town and Nairobi city which are reputable centers for tourism industry, guarantee the market for piggery and poultry products. Currently the residents of Kimnyak keeps very few local chickens just for domestic use and less than 10 people are engaged in keeping pigs.

10. Improving transportation net-work in and out of the Kimnyak-ward:-
If transportation net-work is improved, it turns reduce production costs and makes good and services to be more competitive in terms of prices both locally and outside the community. Kimnyak ward has many roads connecting its five villages and the only single tarmarcked road which leads to Arusha town and Nairobi city. The roads are less or not accessible at all during the rainy seasons; if the roads are improved, economic activities will be carried more effectively, and at less production costs.

11. Construction of residential houses for renting:-
The emerging institutions in Kimnyak area and in the neighboring wards and the rapid increase of immigrants from other regions, has led to high demand of both residential houses as well as houses for running businesses.

12. Construction / Establishment of Re-cycling industries:-
The Kimnyak-community is a place where one can observe a lot of solid waste scattered all-round especially in the Ngaramtoni village where the ward market is located and business activities are carried. There are solid waste ranging from scrap metals, plastic bags, plastic bottles and containers, glass scraps and animal bones. Currently there are no re-cycling factories in the area and the solid waste are collected by individuals and sold to out side firms who comes and buy the solid waste and transport to outside firms / factories in Arusha and Nairobi for re-cycling
If the re-cycling firms are established in Kimnyak-ward, chances for jobs and increase in incomes for local residents of Kimnyak-community will increase, and hence improve their living standards.

CONCLUSION
It is clear from the community economic analysis and the identification of potential investments, that Kimnyak community is vested with numerous investments opportunities. Apart from identified hindering factors, yet it is obvious that the community lacks human capacity. The investment opportunities which are identified could only be taped if the majority of Kimnyak-residents will be capacitated in terms of relevant knowledge and skills, in business field and other technological packages. The other important aspects which seems to be hindering economic growth in the area is lack of adequate capital and adequate and reliable social services for example frequent power cuts, insufficient clean and safe water, poor health services etc. There should be short term and long term plans to improve the above services in order to stimulate the growth of existing businesses and attract new ones, from outside and inside the Kimnyak-community.








REFERENCE:-
Ronald J. Hustedde; Ron Shaffer and Glen Pulver; community Economic analysis: A how to manual; 1st printing November 1984, revised edition, December 1993.

Hosea M.M. Rwegoshora, A guide to social science Research; Mkuki Nyota Publishers; Box 4246 Dar-es-Salaam (2006).

C.A Moser G. Kalton, survey methods in social investigation (1979) published by Heinemann Educational Books Ltd. Printed in GB (The chaser Press Ltd).

Internet: //WWW. Fao.org/docrep/x 5307e/5307e4htm; What is participatory assessment.